Chemistry Forum

Salt peter, Sal Ammoniac, and Sodium Sulfate powders mixed into water.

I have a century old notebook that indicates about 4 oz. (1.3 oz. of each of the above 3 chemicals (powdered THEN mixed)) per gallon of water will absorb enough heat to reduce the temperature to as little as -20 degrees F for as much as 15 minutes or more.

I would appreciate it if someone could provide the results of the reaction, including the heat absorbed (preferably in BTUs, but I can convert CGS units).
Additionally, is it possible to guesstimate the approximate time for the solution to achieve equilibrium?

Presumed left side of the reaction equation:
KNO₃ + 2NH₄Cl + Na₂SO₄ + H₂O =

What is the corrected complete equation?

Uriahdribble wrote:Salt peter, Sal Ammoniac, and Sodium Sulfate powders mixed into water.

I have a century old notebook that indicates about 4 oz. (1.3 oz. of each of the above 3 chemicals (powdered THEN mixed)) per gallon of water will absorb enough heat to reduce the temperature to as little as -20 degrees F for as much as 15 minutes or more.

I would appreciate it if someone could provide the results of the reaction, including the heat absorbed (preferably in BTUs, but I can convert CGS units).
Additionally, is it possible to guesstimate the approximate time for the solution to achieve equilibrium?

Presumed left side of the reaction equation:
KNO₃ + 2NH₄Cl + Na₂SO₄ + H₂O =

What is the corrected complete equation?

No chemical reaction happens in this case. Salts are ionized by the water and that takes the heat from the solution:
KNO₃(s) = KNO₃(aq)
NH₄Cl(s) = NH₄Cl(aq)
Na₂SO₄(s) = Na₂SO₄(aq)
or the a same but in the net ionic form:
KNO₃(s) = K⁺(aq) + NO₃^-(aq)
NH₄Cl(s) = NH₄⁺(aq) + Cl^-(aq)
Na₂SO₄(s) = 2Na⁺(aq) + SO₄^2-(aq)

Does that mean that after equilibrium has been achieved and the solution returns to ambient temp. I can evaporate the water off and then dry and re-use the chemicals over and over? If so that would be fantastic.

Yes, but you should be accurate with NH₄Cl it easily decomposes:
NH₄Cl(s) = NH₃(g) + HCl(g)

Please clarify "be accurate with NH₄Cl" What is the best way to dry this mixture safely and accurately?
I think the Na₂SO₄ will have to be in the anhydrous state to work again. I don't think decahydrate will work, but may be wrong.

You should not overheat NH₄Cl ... boil slowly ...
I think that NaSO₄*10H₂O is what you use in the first place. And that's what you will get after the crystallization.

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